Matching #1 – National parks and geology.  Match the national park with the
   appropriate geology:

a. Grand Canyon, Arizona
b. Voyageurs, Minnesota
c. Shenandoah, Virginia
d. Acadia, Maine
e. Yellowstone, Wyoming

 1. __________ Blue Ridge province of Appalachians

 2. __________ Canadian shield, also shows Pleistocene glaciation

 3. __________ horizontal stratigraphy, base layer is Proterozoic, Mazatzal
   orogeny

 4. __________ metamorphic zone of Appalachians

 5. __________ intracontinental hot spot

-----------------------------
Matching  #2- Appalachian orogeny

    (a.) Blue Ridge
    (b.) Piedmont
    (c.) folded Appalachians
    (d.) Gondwanaland
(e.) Allegheny and Cumberland Plateaus

 6. ____________________ dissected tablelands, western Appalachian
     uplands

 7. ____________________ Stretch from New York to Alabama, Ridge and Valley       Province

 8. ____________________ metamorphic zone of Appalachians

 9. ____________________ Southern Hemisphere super-continent

10. ____________________ granites, core of  Appalachians
Matching #3:  Paleozoic invertebrates.  Match the organism with the correct
  descriptions:
 
   a. echinoderms
   b. arthropods
   c. brachiopods
   d. cnidaria (coelenterates)
   e. porifera

11. ____________ spiny skinned animals, transitional to vertebrates,
    example - starfish

12. ____________ sponges
 
13. ____________ bivalved shells, symmetrical on either side of midline

14. ____________ segmented bodies, external skeletons, crustaceans,
    spiders, scorpions

15. ____________ corals; sea anemones, sea fans, jellyfish

**********************************
Matching #4 – Evolution and geology.  Match the time phase with the correct biological
  event:

a. Ordovician
b. Cambrian
c. Devonian
d. Pennsylvanian
e. Permian

16. _____________ vast coal forests

17. _____________ first land plants

18. _____________ massive extinctions of amphibians and trilobites

19. _____________ rise of marine invertebrates

20. _____________ insects, lungfish. amphibians
 
 
 
 

MATCHING #5 – marine transgressions:
 
(a.) Cordilleran Seaway
    (b.) Iapetus
    (c.) cratonic sequence
    (d.) Appalachian Seaway
    (e.) Franklinian Seaway

21.. ___________________ geosyncline deposition, Early Paleozoic, eastern       margins of North America

22. ___________________ Proto Atlantic Ocean

23. ___________________ geosyncline deposition, Early Paleozoic, northern
     margins of North America

24. ___________________ geosyncline deposition, Early Paleozoic, western
     margins of North America
 
25. ___________________ epicontinental seas, marine transgressions

****************************************
26.  What is a trilobite?

  a. gastropod
  b.  brachiopod
  c.  cephalopod
  d.  pelecypod
  e.  arthropods

27. Fossils with preservable, mineralized hard parts appear in large numbers about _____ ago.

a. Archean
b. Late Proterozoic
c. Cambrian
d. Permian
e. Triassic
 
 
 
 
 
 

28. The base of the Cambrian is close to the time of first appearance of:

a. cyanobacteria
b. dinosaurs
c. vertebrates
d. microfossils
e. trilobites

29.  Which is a time of great extinctions during the Paleozoic?

  a.  Permian
  b.  Devonian
  c.  Ordovician
  d.  Pennsylvanian
  e.  Cambrian

30. Trilobites are most closely related to modern:

a. annelid worms
b. corals and jellyfish
c. shrimp and crabs
d. sponges
e. echinoderms

31. The first group of organisms to widely colonize the terrestrial environment was/
were the
 
a. amphibians
b. gastropods
c. trilobites
d. vascular plants
e. echinoderms

32. When land plants first appeared, these animal groups soon followed:

a. arthropods and gastropods
b. birds and mammals
c. dinosaurs
d. echinoderms
e. sponges
 
 
 
 

33.  The first group of land plants with a distinct vascular system were the

  a.  chlorophytes
  b.  psilophytes
  c.  gymnosperms
  d.  angiosperms
  e.  algae

34. The most important evolutionary change associated with the transition from amphibians to reptiles was:

a. development of moist skin
b. development of the amniotic egg which could be laid on land
c. origin of limbs capable of supporting the animals on land
d. warm blooded
e. teeth differentiation

35. Reptiles soon replaced amphibians in the late Paleozoic as the dominant land vertebrates, because they

a.   could better survive dry land conditions
b.   could hibernate during winter
c.   became specialized to eat amphibians
d.   were mean and nasty
e.   were tied to the water

36. What is the correct order for the evolutionary appearance of vertebrate groups,
from first to last?

a. amphibian, fish, reptile
b. fish, amphibian, reptile
c. fish, reptile, amphibian
d. reptile, amphibian, fish
e. reptile,fish, amphibian

37. The time when Laurentia (North America) was most covered with ocean waters was during the:

a. late Precambrian
b. Ordovician-Silurian
c. Carboniferous-Permian
d. Permian-Triassic
e. Pleistocene
 

38.  What was the dominant Permian reptile group that gave rise to
  the mammals?

  a.   placoderms
  b.  archaeocyathids
  c.  allosaurus
  d.  ichthyostegids
  e.  therapsids

39. The final orogeny of the Appalachian mobile belt during the Paleozoic, producing the Appalachian Mountains, was the:

a. Acadian orogeny
b. Allegheny orogeny
c. Antler orogeny
d. Taconic orogeny
e. Laramide orogeny

40. The fusion of Africa with North America occurred during the:

a. Acadian orogeny
b. Alleghenian-Hercynian orogeny
c. Antler orogeny
d. Grenville orogeny
e. Taconic orogeny

41. The Ouachita trend and Marathon trend along the southern margin of North America are extensions of the _____ fold belt.

a. Appalachian (Alleghenian)
b. Cordilleran
c. Nevadan
d. Rocky Mountain
e. Cascade

42.  Gondwanaland experienced glacial conditions during which period?

  a.  Pennsylvania
  b.  Permian
  c.  Cambrian
  d.  Silurian
  e.  Devonian
 
 

43. South of the Canadian Shield a good place to see Precambrian rocks    exposed would be the

 a. Grand Canyon
 b. Gulf Coastal Plain
 c. Ridge and Valley
 d. Interior lowlands
 e. Great Plains

44. In which period was coal-forming swamps abundant in North America and Europe?

a. Ordovician
b. Silurian
c. Devonian
d. Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)
e. Permian

45.  The sail-fin of the pelycosaur Dimetrodon  acted as a

  a.  method of defense
  b.  mating attraction
  c.  temperature regulating device
  d.  rudder-like appendange for travel in water
  e.  a wind for short distance flight

46.  When was Pangea II fully assembled?

  a.  Proterozoic
  b.  Permian
  c.  Silurian
  d.  Cambrian
  e.  Ordovician

47. What orogeny is indicated by the metamorphic rocks at the base of the Grand Canyon?

 a. Kenoran
 b. Laramide
 c. Appalachian
 d. Mazatzal
 e. Nevadan
 
 

48.  Widespread colonization of land by plants and vertebrates characterizes
  the

  a.  Silurian
  b.  Cambrian
  c.  Late Proterozoic
  d.  Devonian
  e.  Ordovician

49. Which Appalachian physiographic province is the direct result of an Early
   Paleozoic orogeny?

 a. Coastal Plain
 b. Interior Lowlands
 c. Ridge and Valley
d. Piedmont
e. Allegheny Plateau

50. The evolutionary process whereby new groups diverge from their ancestral
 lineage in order to fit into their new surroundings is called

 a. adaptive radiation
 b. convergent evolution
 c. parallel evolution
 d. extinction
 e. iterative evolution

51.   Fossils of lungfish and the earliest amphibians probably came from
      which geological time phase

 a.   Proterozoic
 b.   Cambrian
 c.   Ordovician
 d.   Devonian
 e.   Permian

52. Which is the least successful group?

 a. insects
 b. marine invertebrates
 c. reptiles
 d. amphibians
 e. mammals
 

53. The Mississippian Ouachita Orogeny was the result of a/an

 a. ocean-ocean plate collision
 b. continental rift
 c. sea floor spreading
 d. continent-continent plate convergence
 e. transform fault

54. Which is an evolutionary innovation of the Proterozoic?

 a. eukaryotes
 b. prokaryotes
 c. amphibians
 d. dinosaurs
 e. marine invertebrates

55. Which is a time of major innovations in biological evolution which includes
the appearance of lungfish, amphibians and insects?

a. Permian
b. Cambrian
c. Ordovician
d. Pennsylvanian
e. Devonian

56. Which fossil fuel represents North America’s greatest reserve of energy?

a. petroleum
b. methane
c. coal
d. butane
e. forests

57. The first group of land plants with a distinct vascular system were the

 a. chlorophytes
 b. psilophytes
 c. gymnosperms
d. angiosperms
e. algae
 
 
 
 

58. What is a squid?

 a. gastropod
 b. brachiopod
 c. cephalopod
 d. pelecypod
 e. arthropods

59. Which is the direct ancestor of the amphibians?

 a. crossopterygians
 b. latimeria
 c. ostracoderms
 d. pachyderms
 e. echinoderms

60. The oldest rocks in the Grand Canyon are the

 a. Grand Canyon Series
 b. Zoroaster Granites
 c. Tapeats
 d. Supai
 e. Vishnu Schists

61. Which occurred most recently?

 a. Taconic Orogeny
 b. Kenoran Orogeny
 c. Caledonian-Acadian Orogeny
 d. Sauk cratonic sequence
 e. Pangea II assembled

62. Scorpion-like arthropods, up to 3 m long, common Silurian-Devonian, but are
extinct today:

a. trilobites
b. eurypterids
c. therapsid
d. ostracods
e. nautiloids
 
 
 
 

63. Metazoans (multicellular animal organisms) appear in the fossil record about _____ million years ago.

a. 1,900
b. 1,000
c. 700 (late Proterozoic)
d. 550 (base of the Cambrian)
e. 490(base of the Ordovician)

64. What is the name of the orogenic belt in western North America?

 a. Appalachian
 b. Ouchita
 c. Uralian
 d. Cordillera
 e. Caledonian

65. When was the “Big Freeze” in North Africa?

 a. Permian
 b. Cambrian
 c. Triassic
 d. Ordovician
 e. Mississippian

66. What is the geological evidence for vast epicontinental seas during
 the Early Paleozoic in North America?

 a. thick volcanic ash deposits
 b. greenstones
 c granites and rhyolite flows
 d. limestones
 e. coal

67. Precambrian rocks comprise over half the exposed land surface in the   continent of

 a. Africa
 b. Australia
 c. North America
 d. Eurasia
 e. South America
 
 

68. The large mass of Precambrian rocks in Northwest Europe is called the

 a. Canadian Shield
 b. Baltic Shield
 c. Angaran Shield
d. Yigarn Shield
e. Deccan Shield

69. What geographic features relate to the Niagara Escarpment?

 a. Blue Ridge
 b. Lakes Ontario and Erie
 c. Canadian Shield
 d. Gulf Coastal Plain
 e. Ridge and Valley Province

70. Which describes the tectonic situation of Eastern North America during the
 Early Paleozoic (Cambrian and early Ordovician)?

 a. converging plate boundary - continent-continent
 b. convergent plate boundary - two ocean plates
 c. active transform fault
 d. converging plate boundary - continental and oceanic plates
 e. rifting plate boundary

71. The first multicellular organisms to evolve were probably:

a.   cyanobacteria
b.   land plants
c.    sponges
d.    stromatolites
e.   worms and jellyfish

72. The best record of Precambrian metazoans (multicellular animals) is that found in the:

a. Burgess Shale biota of western Canada
b. Ediacara biota of south Australia
c. Gunflint chert of Lake Superior
d. Kaibab Formation, Grand Canyon
e. Fig Tree Formation, South Africa
 
 
 

73. Which is not associated with the Early Paleozoic (Cambrian to Silurian)?

 a. marine invertebrates
 b. geosynclines in North America and Asia
 c. epicontinental seas
d. rifting of continents
e. all of the above were present during the Early Paleozoic

74.   Which is not a Paleozoic Mountain belt?

a.    Appalachian
b.    Urals
c.    Caledonian
d.    Rockies
e.    Taconic

 75. During the Late Paleozoic, which type of plate boundary characterized
 Eastern North America?

 a. passive continental margin
 b. rift zone
 c. transform
 d. convergent continent-continent
 e. tension zone

76. The earliest of the Paleozoic transgressions in North America was

 a. Sauk
 b. Kaskaskia
 c. Absaroka
 d. Tippecanoe
 e. Sundance

77. The Oklahoma and Marathon Mountains are erosional remnants of the
 ____________ orogeny.

 a. Appalachian
 b. Hercynian
 c. Antler
 d. Ouchita
 e. Uralian
 
 
 

MATCHING:   (a.) Gunflint chert
    (b.) eukaryotes
(c.) stromatalites
(d.) prokaryotes
(e.) photosynthesis

78. ____________________ reproduction by meiosis, sexual

79. ____________________ Reef building algae, extend to high tide line,        Precambrian and Paleozoic

80. ____________________ reproduction by binary fission, asexual

81. ____________________ separating carbon dioxide into free carbon and
                                                      oxygen

82. ____________________ Precambrian beds, Canada, evidence of free 02,       1,900,000,000 B.P.

******************************

83. Physiographic Province of the Appalachian orogeny characterized by thrust
 faulting and extensive folding of sedimentary rocks

 a. Cumberland Plateau
 b. Ridge and Valley
 c. Blue Ridge
 d. Piedmont
 e. Coastal Plain

84. Highly compressed (metamorphic coal) is called

 a. phosphorite
 b. anorogenic
 c. anthracite
 d. carbonite
 e. lignite

85. In a cyclotherm, the "swampy forest" is represented by

 a. shale
 b. limestone
 c. coal
 d. sandstone
 e. halite and gypsum
86. The formation of the Appalachian mountains was the result of which
 time of plate contact?

 a. North America and Africa rift
 b. transverse fault in Gondwanaland
 c. suturing of North America with Gondwanaland
 d. North American plate colliding with the Atlantic plate
 e. rifting of the Pacific plate

87. What was the dominant animal during the Cambrian period?

 a. trilobites
 b. brachipods
 c. nautoloids
 d. mollusks
 e. echinoderms

88. What was responsible for the success of the reptiles?

 a. fluctuating body temperatures
 b. stereoscopic vision
 c. amniotic egg
 d. bipedal locomotion
 e. dorsal fin