1.   In Bolivia which was not exclusive to being defined as Indian?

 a.   complexion/hair color
 b.   language
 c.   surname
 d.   dress
 e.   religious/community ritual

2. Which society seems to base social distinctions of physical characteristics?

 a. Haiti
 b. Dominican Republic
 c. Bolivia
 d. Mexico
 e.   Mayans

3. Which does not apply to Haitian society?

 a. speak a French patois
 b. spirit/ancestor worship in religion
 c. French ethnic background emphasized, African element ignored
 d. first free black society in the Americas
 e. self identification as black

4. Limpieza de sangre  (purity of blood) as applied in the Dominican
 Republic means

 a. testing negative for the HIV virus
 b. being descended from Indians as opposed to blacks
 c. being of pure Spanish background
 d. testing positive for the HIV virus
 e. being of pure African descent

5. Which best describes the environment of the Indians of Peru and
 Bolivia?

 a.   hot, rainy tropical forest
 b. high plateaus, cold and dry
 c. hot, dry desert
 d. coastal lowlands, palm lined beaches
 e. industrial urban, heavy manufacturing

6. Who are pongos?

 a. people of African ancestry in the Dominican Republic
 b. Bolivian hacienda owners
 c. drummers in Haitian voodoo ceremonies
 d. Bolivian Indian peasants
 e. the caretakers of saints in Tenejapa

7.   Which of the following was indicated by the excavations at Copan?

 a.   human sacrifice
 b.   religious hierarchy
 c.   calendrical calculations
 d.  supported by slash and burn agriculture
 e.   all of the above are evidenced by the excavations at Copan

8.   What is the most probable explanation for the Classic Mayan collapse?

 a.   earthquakes
 b.   hurricanes
 c.   volcanic eruptions
 d.   European diseases
 e.   deforestation

9.   Which plant of Old World origin was definitely in the Americas at the time of
         European contact?

 a.   onion
 b.   wheat
 c.   date
 d.   coconut
 e.   mango

10.   In which area would one find the best example of a “cosmopolitain” race?

 a.   Bolivia
 b.   Guatemala
 c.   Caribbean coast of Venezuela
 d.   Haiti
 e.   Argentina
 
 
 
 

11.   Who was 18 Rabbit?

 a.   first ruler of the Sumerians as inscribed in stone tablets
 b.   eighth ruler of Chang Dynasty, Imperial China
 c.   Inca Emperor, burned alive by the Spaniards
 d.  ruler of Copan, beheaded in 8th Century A.D.
 e. modern Quechua Indian surname

12.   Which would characterize the organization of Copan?

 a.   true urbanization with street grid, population over 100,000
 b.  small campsite of hunting and gathering people
 c.   religious ceremonial center, temples and pyramids, population
       about 20,000
 d.   rock shelter with no permanent structures
 e.   cliff dwellings with adobe structures

 13.   Which is not characteristic of highland Mesoamerica?

 a.   dependable rainfall
 b.   soils of high fertility
 c.   soils subjected to erosion
 d.   large populations/true urbanization
 e.   settlement continuous throughout history
 
14. Which climate type is lacking in Latin America?

 a. A
 b. B
 c. C
 d. D
 e. E

15. Which city is not liable for seismic activity?

 a. San Salvador, El Salvador
 b. Recife, Brazil
 c. Mexico City, Mexico
 d. Bogota, Colombia
 e. Quito, Ecuador
 
 
 
 
 

16. Which group had not influenced the population of  medieval Spain?
 
 a. Arabs
 b. Jews
 c. Romans
 d. Phoenicians
 e. Vikings

17. Which part of Spain was most heavily influenced by the Moors?

 a. Andalusia (Seville, the south)
 b. Catalonia (Barcelona, northeast)
 c. Bilbao (Basque country)
 d. Galicia (Northwest)
 e. Madrid (central)

18. Which is Rimland?

 a. Jamaica
 b. Baja California, Mex.
 c. Peru
 d. Chile
 e. Chiapas, Mex.

19. Which area is mestizo?

 a. northeast Mexico
 b. northeast Brazil
 c. highland Guatemala
 d. central Mexico
 e. southern South America

20. Which area has the least Indian and/or African influence?
 
 a. Chiapas highlands
 b. northeast Brazil
 c. highland Guatemala
 d. Caribbean coast of Central America
 e. southern Brazil and Uruguay
 
 
 
 
 
 

21. In which locality would the temperature graph show no monthly
 variation?

 a. Manaus, Brazil
 b. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
 c. Mendoza, Argentina
 d. Santiago, Chile
 e. Maracaibo, Venezuela

****************************

Match the location with the correct climate zone:

 a. tierra caliente
 b. tierra templada
 c. tierra fria
 d. tierra helada
 

22. _____________  Mexico City (2,300 meters)

23. _____________  Veracruz, Ver. (sea level)

24. _____________  La Paz, Bolivia (3,500 meters)

25. _____________  Jalapa, Ver. (1,200 meters)

***************************

26. Which is not a B  climate?

 a. lowlands of Northwest Mexico
 b. caatinga  of northeast Brazil
 c. Guaira Peninsula of Venezuela
 d. coastal lowlands of northern Chile and southern Peru
 e. Mato Grosso of central Brazil

27. Which soils would have the lowest  fertility in terms of agriculture?

 a. alluvial river valley
 b. laterites of tropical rainforest (oxisols)
 c. deserts (aridsols)
 d. prairie or grasslands (mollisols)
 e. volcanic soils
 

Matching - weather systems:  Match the appropriate weather system with
  the correct description.

   a. ITCZ
   b. easterly wave
   c. norte
   d. pampero
   e. cT

28. ______________ hot, dry desert air mass such as found over northern
    Mexico

29. ______________ arctic air outbreak along southern Gulf Coast and
    northern Central America

30. ______________ weak tropical disturbance, belt of thunderstorms
    which form over the oceans

31. ______________ zone of convergence between the two trade wind
    belts, disturbed weather, results in tropical rainy
    season

32. ______________ Antarctic air outbreak into Brazil

***************************

Matching - prehistory.  Match the Prehispanic civilization or group with the
  appropriate description:

   a. Classic Maya
   b. Aztec Empire
   c. Inca Empire
   d. Arawak
   e. Chichimeca

33. ______________ Andean civilization, true political organization,
    urbanization

34. ______________ indigenous groups in the Caribbean

35. ______________ city-states, ceremonial centers in lowland southeastern
    Mexico and northern Central America

36. ______________ true urbanism, tribute state, central Mexico

37. ______________ north-central Mexico, nomadic hunting and gathering
38. Which locality would have the coldest annual temperatures?

 a. Mexico City
 b. Tierra del Fuego
 c. Guiana Highlands
 d. Brazilian Highlands
 e. Guatemala Highlands

39. Which country, in addition to having the world’s largest expanse
 of tropical rainforest vegetation, also has extensive areas of tropical
 savanna and woodland?

 a. Mexico
 b. Colombia
 c. Guatemala
 d. Brazil
 e. Haiti

40. What is the core of the Mayan universe?

 a. Catholicism
 b. reincarnation
 c. time
 d. individualism
 e. materialism

41. What was the approximate population of Mesoamerica at the eve of
 Conquest?

 a. 1,500,000
 b. 5,000,000
 c. 30,000,000
 d. 75,000,000
 e. 150,000,000

42. What was Tenochtitlan?

 a. urban center, northwest valley of Mexico, A.D. 650
 b. large Mayan ceremonial center located in El Peten rainforest
 c. urban center located in the high Andes, A.D. 1100
 d. capital of the Aztecs, urban center surrounded by lakes
 e. Gulf Coast archaeological zone located near Papantla, Veracruz
 
 
 

42. In which country of South America has the colonial black population
 not become part of a mixed population element, but has rather remained
 a distinct group?

 a. Mexico
 b. Dominican Republic
 c. Argentina
 d. Nicaragua
 e. Haiti

43. In which Latin American country has the Indian element persisted as
 the dominant population group?

 a. Brazil
 b. Guatemala
 c. Colombia
 d. Mexico
 e. Dominican Republic

**********************************

Matching - colonial Latin America and race formation.  Match the appropriate
 concept with the correct description:

  a. encomienda
  b. mestizo
  c. mulatto
  d. Moors
  e. ladino

45. ____________ labor and tribute obligations of Indian villages to
    a designated Spaniard

46. ____________ North African Semitic peoples who occupied
    Iberian Peninsula during Middle Ages

47. ____________ Indian-white offspring

48. ____________ black-white offspring

49. ____________ in Central America name given to Spanish-Indian
    culture; in Mediterranean region a Spanish language
    mixed with Hebrew and Arabic
 
 

50. In which country has “race formation” by “race-mixing”  been most
 complete?

 a. Mexico
 b. Guatemala
 c. Bolivia
 d. Haiti
 e. Brazil

51. In which region during the colonial period was the Indian population
 decline most rapid and complete?

 a. northern Mesoamerica
 b. southern Mesoamerica
 c. West Indies
 d. Andes
 e. Amazon

52. Which city is nearest the Equator?

 a. Brasilia
 b. Bogota
 c. Quito
 d. Buenos Aieres
 e. Sao Paulo

53. Which indigenous group as viewed from the films has had the least
 contact with the outside world?

 a. Quechua
 b. Mayan
 c. Aymara
 d. Kayapo
 e. Nahuatl

54. Which city is located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest?

 a. Manaus
 b. Sao Paulo
 c. Recife
 d. Rio de Janiero
 e. Salvador
 
 
 

Matching - European colonial powers.  Match the European country with
  the country or area of colonial influence:

   a. France
   b. Holland (Dutch)
   c. England
   d. Portugal
   e. Spain

55. ____________ Brazil

56. ____________ Haiti

57. ____________ Guiana, Curacao

58. ____________ Jamaica

59. ____________ mainland Central America

*****************************

60. Which accounted for the largest part of the Indian population decline
 in the colonial period?

 a. disease
 b. famine
 c. warfare
 d. encomienda
 e. natural disasters

61. Which would not have volcanic activity?

 a. Sierra Madre Occidental
 b. Yucatan
 c. Chile
 d. Peru
 e. Eastern Caribbean

62. Which does not apply to the active edge of Middle America and
 South America?

 a. explosive volcanic activity
 b. earthquakes
 c. large sluggish navigable rivers
 d. high mountain ranges
 e. all of the above are applicable to the active edge of the continent
63. Which is the largest river system in Latin America?

 a. Parana
 b. Orinoco
 c. Amazon
 d. Coatzacoalcos
 e. Panuco

64. Which cold water ocean current modifies the climate of the west coast
 of South America?

 a. Gulfstream
 b. Humboldt
 c. Labrador
 d. Bengali
 e. California

65. Which Indian civilization was present in the northern Andes
 (present day Colombia) prior to European contact?

 a. Tarascan
 b. Mayan
 c. Uto-Aztecan
 d. Chibchan
 e. Huastecan

66. Which Precolumbian Indian group had extensive domesticated animals
 and sophisticated terraced agriculture?

 a. lowland Mesoamerica
 b. Chichimeca
 c. Andean
 d. Amazon
 e. West Indies

67. Which food plant was not domesticated in the New World?

 a. potato
 b. tomato
 c. manioc
 d. avocado
 e. citrus fruit
 
 
 

68. Which plant was not domesticated in the New World?

 a. wheat
 b. maize
 c. pinto beans
 d. chile peppers
 e. squash

69. Which plant was not domesticated in the New World?

 a. papaya
 b. wheat
 c. sweet potato
 d. tobacco
 e. chocolate

70. Which statement is incorrect concerning northern Mexico and the
 colonial period?

 a. indigenous groups migratory hunting and gathering
 b. low population density
 c. area first to be colonized and conquered by Spaniards
 d. little race mixing occurred with native populations
 e. colonial activities centered around mining

71. Which was not  present in colonial Brazil?

 a. sugar cane plantations
 b. stock ranching
 c. mining
 d. pastoral activities
 e. extensive exploitation of marine resources

72. Which describes the savanna woodland vegetation zone?

 a. closed canopy, hierarchy of canopies
 b. tall grasses interspersed with drought-resistant trees
 c. low shrub cover, barren spots on surface
 d. forest of pine and spruce trees
 e. vegetation cover of moss and lichen, some flowers
 
 
 
 
 

73. Which would have the highest average annual temperatures in
 Latin America?

 a. Maracaibo Basin
 b. Valley of Mexico
 c. Amazon Basin
 d. Caribbean coast of Central America
 e. altiplano of Bolivia

74. What was chinampa agriculture?

 a. slash and burn of the lowland forests
 b. potato farming of the altiplano
 c. terrace farming in the high Andes
 d. hydroponic (lake) farming of the Aztecs
 e. bucket irrigation of the Hopi of northern Arizona

75. Which air mass would most influence the climate of the West Indies
 and the Caribbean coasts of Central and South America?

 a. cP (continental polar)
 b. mT (maritime tropical)
 c. cT (continental tropical)
 d. mP (maritime polar)
 e. cAA (continental Antarctic)

76. What climate type dsecribes the West Indies?

 a. tropical desert
 b. tropical tradewind
 c. mild, marine
 d. equatorial rainforest
 e. humid continental

77. In which country are the lowlands most extensive?

 a. Mexico
 b. Guatemala
 c. Ecuador
 d. Chile
 e. Brazil
 
 
 
 

Match the region with the appropriate ethnic/racial population distribution:

   a. Mesoamerica - mestizo element dominant
   b. Mesoamerica - Indian element dominant
   c. Rimland - African element dominant
   d. Rimland - mulatto element dominant
   e. European sector

78. ______________ southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina

79. ______________ altiplano of Peru, Bolivia

80. ______________ northeast Brazil

81. ______________ Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico

82. ______________ central Mexico

***************************
 
Match the air mass with the geographic area:

  a. mT
  b. mP
  c. cT
  d. cP

83. ____________ cold, dry air mass - cold air outbreaks from the Pampas
    of Argentina into tropical Brazil

84. ____________ warm and humid, dominates most of the lowland coastal
    areas of tropical Latin America

85. ____________ desert air mass, hot and dry; northern Mexico and
    northern Argentina, Paraguay

86. ____________ coastal zone of southern Chile, cold and wet, stormy
    weather

***************************
 
 
 
 
 

87. Where would a dialect of Mayan be most likely spoken today?

 a. highlands of central Mexico
 b. highlands of Bolivia
 c. Indians of Amazon rainforest
 d. Yucatan and Guatemala
 e. Indian groups in Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico

88. The uncivilized nomadic Indian groups of North-Central Mexico north of
 Mesoamerica were known as the

 a. Olmec
 b. Arawak
 c. Chichimeca
 d. Pueblo
 e. Chibcha

89. Which was the largest city of Precolumbian America?

 a. Chan Chan
 b. Teotihuacan
 c. Tehuacan
 d. Tikal
 e. Copan

90. Which group was ranked lowest in terms of actual social stratification
 in colonial Mexico?

 a. peninsular Spaniards
 b. criollos
 c. Indians
 d. freed slaves
 e. mulattoes