1.      In Bolivia which is not involved in distinguishing the Indian from the mestizo?

a. surname
 b. use of Aymara language
 c. use of pollera  by women
 d. hair and skin color
 e. rural origins

 2. Which best describes the racial makeup of the Dominican Republic?

 a. African
 b. African-European mix
 c. Indian
 d. Indian-European mix
 e. European

 3. Which society seems to base social distinctions on physical characteristics?

 a. Haiti
 b. Dominican Republic
 c. Bolivia
 d. Mexico
 e.   Mayans

4. Which does not apply to Haitian society?

 a. speak a French patois
 b. spirit/ancestor worship in religion
 c. French ethnic background emphasized, African element ignored
 d. first free black society in the Americas
 e. self identification as black

5. Limpieza de sangre  (purity of blood) as applied in the Dominican
 Republic means

 a. testing negative for the HIV virus
 b. being descended from Indians as opposed to blacks
 c. being of pure Spanish background
 d. testing positive for the HIV virus
 e. being of pure African descent
6. Which best describes the environment of the Indians of Peru and
 Bolivia?

 a.   hot, rainy tropical forest
 b. high plateaus, cold and dry
 c. hot, dry desert
 d. coastal lowlands, palm lined beaches
 e. industrial urban, heavy manufacturing

7. Who are pongos?

 a. people of African ancestry in the Dominican Republic
 b. Bolivian hacienda owners
 c. drummers in Haitian voodoo ceremonies
 d. Bolivian Indian peasants
 e. the caretakers of saints in Tenejapa

8.   Which of the following was indicated by the excavations at Copan?

 a.   human sacrifice
 b.   religious hierarchy
 c.   calendrical calculations
 d.  supported by slash and burn agriculture
 e.   all of the above are evidenced by the excavations at Copan

9.   What is the most probable explanation for the Classic Mayan collapse?

 a.   earthquakes
 b.   hurricanes
 c.   volcanic eruptions
 d.   European diseases
 e.   deforestation

10.   Which plant of Old World origin was definitely in the Americas at the time of
         European contact?

 a.   onion
 b.   wheat
 c.   date
 d.   coconut
 e.   mango
 
 
 

11.   Which Mexican city would be in the "European sphere" of population settlement?

 a. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
 b. Guadalajara, Jal.
 c. San Cristobal de las Casas, Chps.
 d. Merida, Yuc.
 e. Oaxaca, Oaxaca

12.   Who was 18 Rabbit?

 a.   first ruler of the Sumerians as inscribed in stone tablets
 b.   eighth ruler of Chang Dynasty, Imperial China
 c.   Inca Emperor, burned alive by the Spaniards
 d.  ruler of Copan, beheaded in 8th Century A.D.
 e. modern Quechua Indian surname

13.   Which would characterize the organization of Copan?

 a.   true urbanization with street grid, population over 100,000
 b.  small campsite of hunting and gathering people
 c.   religious ceremonial center, temples and pyramids, population
       about 20,000
 d.   rock shelter with no permanent structures
 e.   cliff dwellings with adobe structures

 14.   Which is not characteristic of highland Mesoamerica?

 a.   dependable rainfall
 b.   soils of high fertility
 c.   soils subjected to erosion
 d.   large populations/true urbanization
 e.   settlement continuous throughout history
 
15. Which climate type is lacking in Latin America?

 a. A
 b. B
 c. C
 d. D
 e. E
 
 
 
 

16. Which city is not liable for seismic activity?

 a. Guatemala City, Guatemala
 b. Oaxaca, Oaxaca
 c. Managua, Nicaragua
 d. Santiago, Chile
 e. all of the above cities have experienced devastating earthquakes

17. Which group had not influenced the population of medieval Spain?
 
 a. Arabs
 b. Jews
 c. Romans
 d. Phoenicians
 e. all of the above had influenced medieval Spain

18. Which part of Spain was most heavily influenced by the Moors?

 a. Andalusia (Seville, the south)
 b. Catalonia (Barcelona, northeast)
 c. Bilbao (Basque country)
 d. Galicia (Northwest)
 e. Madrid (central)

19. Which area is Rimland?

 a. La Paz, Bolivia
 b. Veracruz, Ver.
 c. Santo Domingo, Domican Republic
 d. highland Guatemala
 e. Chiapas, Mex.

20. Which area is mestizo?

 a. Haiti
 b. Dominican Republic
 c. highland Guatemala
 d. highland Bolivia
 e. Colombia
 
 
 
 
 

21. Which area has the least Indian and/or African influence?
 
 a. Chiapas highlands
 b. northeast Brazil
 c. highland Guatemala
 d. Caribbean coast of Central America
 e. Argentina and Uruguay

22. In which locality would the temperature graph show no monthly
 variation?

 a. Mendoza, Argentina
 b. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
 c. Quito, Ecuador
 d. Santiago, Chile
 e. La Paz, Baja California Sur

****************************

Match the location with the correct climate zone:

 a. tierra caliente
 b. tierra templada
 c. tierra fria
 d. tierra helada
 

23. _____________  Jalapa, Veracruz (1500 meters)

24. _____________  Quito, Ecuador (2500 meters)

25. _____________  Cuczo, Peru (4,000 meters)

26. _____________  Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

**************************
 

27. Which soils would have the lowest  fertility in terms of agriculture?

 a. alluvial river valley
 b. laterites of tropical rainforest (oxisols)
 c. deserts (aridsols)
 d. prairie or grasslands (mollisols)
 e. volcanic soils
Matching - weather systems:  Match the appropriate weather system with
  the correct description.

   a. mT
   b. ITCZ
   c. norte
   d. pampero
   e. cT

28. ______________ hot, dry desert air mass such as found over northern
    Mexico

29. ______________ arctic air outbreak along southern Gulf Coast and
    northern Central America

30. ____________ warm and humid, dominates most of the lowland coastal
    areas of tropical Latin America

31. ______________ zone of convergence between the two trade wind
    belts, disturbed weather, results in tropical rainy
    season

32. ______________ Antarctic air outbreak into Brazil

***************************
Matching - prehistory.  Match the Prehispanic civilization or group with the
  appropriate description:

   a. Classic Maya
   b. Aztec Empire
   c. Inca Empire
   d. Arawak
   e. Chichimeca

33. ______________ Andean civilization, true political organization,
    urbanization

34. ______________ indigenous groups in the Caribbean

35. ______________ city-states, ceremonial centers in lowland southeastern
    Mexico and northern Central America

36. ______________ true urbanism, tribute state, central Mexico

37. ______________ north-central Mexico, nomadic hunting and gathering
38. Which locality would have the coldest annual temperatures?

 a. Mexico City
 b. Tierra del Fuego
 c. Guiana Highlands
 d. Brazilian Highlands
 e. Guatemala Highlands

39. Which country, in addition to having the world’s largest expanse
 of tropical rainforest vegetation, also has extensive areas of tropical
 savanna and woodland?

 a. Mexico
 b. Colombia
 c. Guatemala
 d. Brazil
 e. Haiti

40. What is the core of the Mayan universe?

 a. Catholicism
 b. reincarnation
 c. time
 d. individualism
 e. materialism

41. What was the approximate population of Mesoamerica at the eve of
 Conquest?

 a. 1,500,000
 b. 5,000,000
 c. 30,000,000
 d. 75,000,000
 e. 150,000,000

42. Which is mainland?

 a. San Juan, Puerto Rico
 b. Bluefields, Nicaragua
 c. Guatemala City
 d. Trinidad
 e. Panama
 
 

43. In which Latin American country has the Indian element persisted as
 the dominant population group?

 a. Argentina
 b. Brazil
 c. Colombia
 d. Guatemala
 e. Dominican Republic

**********************************

Matching - colonial Latin America and race formation.  Match the appropriate
 concept with the correct description:

  a. encomienda
  b. mestizo
  c. mulatto
  d. Moors
  e. ladino

44. ____________ labor and tribute obligations of Indian villages to
    a designated Spaniard

45. ____________ North African Semitic peoples who occupied
    Iberian Peninsula during Middle Ages

46. ____________ Indian-white offspring

47. ____________ black-white offspring

48. ____________ in Central America name given to Spanish-Indian
    culture; in Mediterranean region a Spanish language
    mixed with Hebrew and Arabic

--------------------------------------------

49. The highest annual rainfall for Latin America is found

 a. coastal West Indies
 b. Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela
 c. Amazon Basin, Brazil
 d. Pacific Coast of Guatemala
 e. coastal Peru
 

50. In which region during the colonial period was the Indian population
 decline most rapid and complete?

 a. northern Mesoamerica
 b. southern Mesoamerica
 c. West Indies
 d. Andes
 e. Amazon

51. Which city is nearest the Equator?

 a. Brasilia
 b. Bogota
 c. Quito
 d. Buenos Aires
 e. Sao Paulo

52. Which indigenous group as viewed from the films has had the least
 contact with the outside world?

 a. Quechua
 b. Mayan
 c. Aymara
 d. Kayapo
 e. Nahuatl

53. Which city is located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest?

 a. Manaus
 b. Sao Paulo
 c. Recife
 d. Rio de Janeiro
 e. Salvador

54. Which area saw the largest number of slaves brought from Africa?

 a. Spanish West Indies
 b. British West Indies
 c. Brazil
 d. Mesoamerica
 e. Andean region
 
 
 

Matching - European colonial powers.  Match the European country with
  the country or area of colonial influence:

   a. France
   b. Holland (Dutch)
   c. England
   d. Portugal
   e. Spain

55. ____________ Mexico

56. ____________ Haiti

57. ____________ Surinam, Curacao

58. ____________ Jamaica

59. ____________ Brazil

*****************************

60. Which accounted for the largest part of the Indian population decline
 in the colonial period?

 a. disease
 b. famine
 c. warfare
 d. encomienda
 e. natural disasters

61. Which would not have volcanic activity?

 a. west coast of Mexico
 b. Ecuador
 c. Guatemala
 d. Eastern Caribbean
 e. all of the above have volcanic activity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

62. Which does not apply to the active edge of Middle America and
 South America?

 a. explosive volcanic activity
 b. earthquakes
 c. seasonal rivers with steep gradients
 d. high mountain ranges
 e. all of the above are applicable to the active edge of the continent

63. Which is the largest river system in Latin America?

 a. Parana
 b. Orinoco
 c. Amazon
 d. Coatzacoalcos
 e. Panuco

64. Which cold water ocean current modifies the climate of the west coast
 of South America?

 a. Gulfstream
 b. Humboldt
 c. Labrador
 d. Bengali
 e. California

65. Which Indian civilization was present in the northern Andes
 (present day Colombia) prior to European contact?

 a. Tarascan
 b. Mayan
 c. Uto-Aztecan
 d. Chibchan
 e. Huastecan

66. Which pre-Columbian Indian group had extensive domesticated animals
 and sophisticated terraced agriculture?

 a. lowland Mesoamerica
 b. Chichimeca
 c. Andean
 d. Amazon
 e. West Indies
 

67. Which statement is incorrect concerning northern Mexico and the
 colonial period?

 a. indigenous groups migratory hunting and gathering
 b. low population density
 c. area first to be colonized and conquered by Spaniards
 d. little race mixing occurred with native populations
 e. colonial activities centered around mining

68. Which plant was not domesticated in the New World?

 a. avacado
 b. maize
 c. pinto beans
 d. citrus fruits
 e. squash

69. Which of the following Mayan sites is largest in terms of area and population?

 a. Palenque
 b. Bonampak
 c. Tikal
 d. Tonina
 e. Piedras Negras

70. Approximately when was the collapse of the Lowland Classic Maya?

 a. 300 B.C.
 b. A.D. 1521
 c. A.D. 825-900
 d. A.D. 300
 e. 1500 B.C.

71. Which was not  present in colonial Brazil?

 a. sugar cane plantations
 b. stock ranching
 c. European women
 d. pastoral activities
 e. mining
 
 
 
 

72. Which describes the savanna woodland vegetation zone?

 a. closed canopy, hierarchy of canopies
 b. tall grasses interspersed with drought-resistant trees
 c. low shrub cover, barren spots on surface
 d. forest of pine and spruce trees
 e. vegetation cover of moss and lichen, some flowers

73. Which would have the highest average annual temperatures in
 Latin America?

 a. Maracaibo Basin
 b. Valley of Mexico
 c. Amazon Basin
 d. Caribbean coast of Central America
 e. altiplano of Bolivia

74. Which was the earliest European settlement in Latin America?

 a. Mexico City
 b. Cartagena
 c. Santo Domingo
 d. Sao Paulo
 e. Lima

75. Which air mass would most influence the climate of the West Indies
 and the Caribbean coasts of Central and South America?

 a. cP (continental polar)
 b. mT (maritime tropical)
 c. cT (continental tropical)
 d. mP (maritime polar)
 e. cAA (continental Antarctic)

76. What climate type describes the West Indies?

 a. tropical desert
 b. tropical tradewind
 c. mild, marine
 d. equatorial rainforest
 e. humid continental
 
 
 

Match the region with the appropriate ethnic/racial population distribution:

   a. Mesoamerica - mestizo element dominant
   b. Mesoamerica - Indian element dominant
   c. Rimland - African element dominant
   d. Rimland - mulatto element dominant
   e. European sector

77. ______________ southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina

78. ______________ central Mexico

79. ______________ highland Guatemala

80. ______________ Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico

81. ______________ Haiti

***************************
Match the soil/structure with the appropriate region and description:

  a. volcanic
  b. limestone
  c. laterite
  d. alluvial
  e. mollisols
 

82. ______________ grassland soils of the Pampas, rich, productive

83. ______________ heavily weathered soils of tropical rainforest, low
    fertility, heavily leached

84. ______________ river valley soils, thick, rich, good for agriculture

85. ______________ thin, rocky soils found over much of Yucatan,
    sinkholes (cenotes) for water supply

86. ______________ rich soils composed of ash, found mainly in the
    interior highlands
 
 
 
 

87. In which country are the lowlands most extensive?

 a. Mexico
 b. Guatemala
 c. Ecuador
 d. Chile
 e. Brazil

88. Where would a dialect of Mayan be most likely spoken today?

 a. highlands of central Mexico
 b. highlands of Bolivia
 c. Indians of Amazon rainforest
 d. Yucatan and Guatemala
 e. Indian groups in Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico

89. When is the time of early agriculture domestication in highland Mesoamerica?

 a. 1,500-300 B.C.
 b. 12,000-7,000 B.C.
 c. 7,000-2,000 B.C.
 d. A.D. 300-900
 e. 300 B.C. - A.D. 300

90. Which group was ranked lowest in terms of actual social stratification
 in colonial Mexico?

 a. peninsular Spaniards
 b. criollos
 c. Indians
 d. freed slaves
 e. mulattos

91. Which Classic Mayan site has the most extensive carved stone
 hieroglyphs?

 a. Tikal
 b. Palenque
 c. Copan
 d. Bonampak
 e. Uxmal
 
 
 

92.   Which wild grass is the ancestor of maize?

 a. tepesquintle
 b. aguacatle
 c. nixtamal
 d. teocinte
 e. legume

93.   Which is not a New World domesticate?

 a.   papaya
 b.   chile pepper
 c.   avocado
 d.   tobacco
 e.   all of the above are New World domesticates

94. Which is not associated with Mesoamerican civilization?

 a. hieroglyphic writing
 b. calendar
 c. irrigation agriculture
 d. horse used for transportation
 e. urbanism

95. What was the approximate population of the Andean area at the time of Conquest?

 a. 30,000,000
 b. 15,000,000
 c. 7,500,000
 d. 3,000,000
 e. 1,500,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Matching - prehistory.  Match the Prehispanic civilization or group with the
  appropriate description:

   a. Tenochtitlan
   b. Teotihuacan
   c. Olmec
   d. Clovis
   a. Monte Alban

96. ______________ Lower Gulf Coast, Middle Preclassic, formative       Mesoamerican civilization

97. ______________ Pleistocene hunters, first definite archaeological
    evidence of human population in the Americas

98. ______________ Preclassic and Classic capital of Zapotec state in
    Oaxaca

99. ______________ large Late Preclassic and Early Classic urban center
    in northwest Valley of Mexico

100. ______________ capital of Aztecs, surrounded by lakes, Valley of
    Mexico